Biology MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Biology - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

Concept:

• Nuclear energy was considered to be the safest form of energy to produce electricity.
• However, the use of nuclear energy has two serious concerns: accidental leakage of nuclear radiation, and disposal of nuclear waste.

Explanation:

Harmful effects of Nuclear Radiations

• They are harmful to organisms as they can cause mutations in the organism at a very high rate.
• It is lethal at higher doses.
• It can cause severe disorders like cancer at lower doses.
• Nuclear waste is a potentially harmful pollutant and should be disposed of with caution.

Disposal of nuclear waste

• Nuclear waste can be stored after sufficient pre-treatment.
• It can be stored in shielded containers.
• These containers should be buried within the rocks about 500 meters deep into the Earth's surface.
• This method of disposal is called geological disposal.

So, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information:

• Shoot the waste into space:
  • It would be an extremely expensive way of disposal of nuclear waste as will require a lot of fuel to carry waste against gravity.
• Bury the waste under Antarctic ice cover:
  • Antarctica Treaty 1959 prohibits the disposal of nuclear waste in  Antarctica.
•  Dump the waste within rocks under the deep ocean:
  • The harmful nuclear radiation can harm deep sea creatures.

The correct answer is Gerontology.

Key Points

• Gerontology is the study of the physical aspects of ageing, as well as the mental, social, and implications of ageing.
• It comes from the Greek word "geron" meaning "old man".
• It involves the scientific study of physical, social, and mental changes that occur in older people.
• Many researches were conducted in gerontology in the Nineteenth century.
• Biologists, sociologists, and physiologists are the leading gerontology professionals.

Additional Information

• Pathology - is the study of disease. It underpins every aspect of patient care from diagnostic care and treatment advice.
• Embryology - is the branch of biology concerned with the study of embryogenesis i.e., the development of an embryo after fertilization of an egg cell.
• Ecology - is the study of organisms, the environment, and how the organisms interact with each other and their environment. 

​Therefore, the branch of study dealing with the study of old age and aging is known as Gerontology.

The correct answer is The stimulus for Antibody formation.

Key Points

• An antigen is any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it. 
• Antigens include toxins, chemicals, bacteria, viruses, or other substances that come from outside the body.
• Body tissues and cells, including cancer cells, also have antigens on them that can cause an immune response.
• In general, two main divisions of antigens are recognized:
  • Foreign antigens (or heteroantigens) 
  • Autoantigens (or self-antigens).

The correct answer is Vas deferens.

Key Points

Female reproductive system:

• Female reproductive system consists of the primary as well as accessory sex organs.
• Primary sex organ is a pair of ovaries.
• The accessory sex organs include the uterus, fallopian tube, cervix, and vagina.

Explanation:

Vagina:

• It is a birth canal.
• The vaginal is a canal that joins the lower part of the uterus to the outside of the body.

Uterus:

• Uterus is a hollow pear-shaped organ.
• It is the home to a developing fetus.
• The uterus is divided into two parts the cervix and the main body of the uterus called the corpus.
• Cervix is the lower part that opens in the vagina.

Ovaries:

• The ovaries are small oval-shaped glands.
• Located on either side of the uterus.
• The ovaries produce hormones and eggs.

Fallopian tube:

• These are narrow tubes that are attached to the upper part of the uterus.
• It also serves as a pathway for the over to travel from the ovaries to the uterus.
• Fertilization of an egg by a sperm normally occurs in the fallopian tube.
• The fertilized egg then moves to the uterus where it implants in the uterine lining.

Thus, vas deferens are not part of the female genital organ.

 Additional InformationMale reproductive system:

• Male reproductive system is a set of organs.
• Forms of these organs are external organs and some are internal organs.
• The external organs include the penis, scrotum, and testicles.
• The internal organs include the vas deferens, prostate, and urethra.

​

The correct answer is Calcium oxalate.
Key Points

• Calcium oxalate
  • Calcium oxalate stones are the most common type of kidney stone.
  • Kidney stones are solid masses that form in the kidney when there are high levels of calcium, oxalate, cystine, or phosphate and too little liquid.
  • There are different types of kidney stones.
  • Calcium oxalate stones are caused by too much oxalate in the urine.
  • Oxalate is a natural substance found in many foods.
  • Your body uses food for energy. 
  • After your body uses what it needs, waste products travel through the bloodstream to the kidneys and are removed through the urine.

Additional Information

• Calcium acetate
  • Calcium acetate is a calcium supplement used to control the level of phosphate in the blood for patients on dialysis due to severe kidney disease.
  • Calcium Acetate is a calcium salt of acetic acid.
  • Calcium is a mineral essential for many cellular functions including nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, cardiac function, bone formation, and capillary and cell membrane permeability.
  • Calcium acetate is administered orally to prevent or treat calcium deficiency and to treat hyperphosphatemia due to its phosphate-binding properties.
• Sodium acetate
  • Sodium Acetate Anhydrous is the anhydrous, sodium salt form of acetic acid.
  • Sodium acetate anhydrous disassociates in water to form sodium ions (Na⁺) and acetate ions.
  • Sodium is the principal cation of the extracellular fluid and plays a large part in fluid and electrolyte replacement therapies.
  • Sodium acetate anhydrous is used as an electrolyte replenisher in isosmotic solution for parenteral replacement of acute losses of extracellular fluid without disturbing normal electrolyte balance.
• Sodium Benzoate
  • Sodium benzoate is best known as a preservative used in processed foods and beverages to extend shelf life, though it has several other uses.
  • It’s an odorless, crystalline powder made by combining benzoic acid and sodium hydroxide.
  • Benzoic acid is a good preservative on its own, and combining it with sodium hydroxide helps it dissolve in products.
  • Sodium benzoate does not occur naturally, but benzoic acid is found in many plants, including cinnamon, cloves, tomatoes, berries, plums, apples, and cranberries.
  • Additionally, certain bacteria produce benzoic acid when fermenting dairy products like yogurt.

Concept:

Photosynthesis: 

• The leaves have a green pigment called chlorophyll.
• It helps leaves to capture the energy of the sunlight.
• This energy is used to synthesise (prepare) food from carbon dioxide and water. Since the synthesis of food occurs in the presence of sunlight, it is called photosynthesis.

In the presence of sunlight Carbon dioxide + water → Carbohydrate + oxygen.

• Some plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria can perform photosynthesis.
• The process of photosynthesis is commonly written as

                   6CO2 + 6H2O + Sun-Light → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Plant cells have a cell wall to protect them and make them rigid structure.

Explanation:

1. Plants convert energy from sunlight into food stored as carbohydrate’s - Correct

2. Plants have chlorophyll. - Correct

3. Plant cells do not have cell walls. - Incorrect.

Additional Information

In the plant cells, there are different components and organelles for specific functions-

• Cell Wall – It is a rigid layer composed of cellulose. It is the outermost layer of the cell, below this cell membrane is present. The primary function of the cell wall is to protect and provide structural support to the cell.
• Cell Membrane – It is a semi-permeable membrane that helps in regulating and the substance for entry and exit inside and outside the cell.
• Nucleus – It is a vital part of the cell as it contains all the information or DNA of the cell and their heredity information for growth and cell division.
• Vacuole – Most of the part of the plant cell is occupied by the vacuole. It is surrounded by Tonoplast. The vital role of the vacuole is to provide support again the pressure of the cell wall.
• Golgi apparatus – They act as a transport system in the cell, as they transport various molecules to a different part of the cell.
• Ribosomes – They are the sites of protein synthesis, also termed as the protein factory of the cell.
• Mitochondrion – They break the complex molecules and produce energy and hence called the powerhouse of the cell.
• Lysosomes – They are termed suicidal bags as they hold the enzymes that are capable to digest the whole cell itself.

The correct answer is Protein synthesis.

Key Points

• Ribosomes are membranous granular structures present in the cytoplasm.
• They were first observed under an electron microscope as dense particles by George Palade in the year 1953.
• Ribosomes are the site for ''protein synthesis'' so they are also called the ''protein factory'' of the cell.
• There are two types of ribosomes

1. Eukaryotic ribosomes - 80s - occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cell
2. Prokaryotic ribosomes - 70s - occur in the cytoplasm as well as are associated with the cell membrane of prokaryotic cell.

• The subunits of the ribosomes are:
  • 80s ribosomes - are made of 60s and 40s subunits.
  • 70s ribosomes - are made of 50s and 30s subunits.

Important Points

• Composition of the structure of ribosome:
• They are composed of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins

Type	Composition
70s	60% rRNA + 40% proteins
80s	40% rRNA + 60% proteins

 

 

Additional Information

• Photosynthesis: It is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water. In this process, plant the chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and release oxygen.
• Synthesis of Fatty acids occurs in the cytoplasm.

An earthworm is a tube-shaped, segmented worm found in the phylum Annelida. They are commonly found living in soil, feeding on live and dead organic matter.

The correct answer is Bile juice, Pancreatic juice.

Key Points

• Bile juice, Pancreatic juice secreted by the organs plays an important role in the digestion of fats.
• Bile juice is secreted by the liver.
  • It does not contain any types of enzymes.
  • The bile juice helps to make the food alkaline and break down the fat molecules.
• Pancreatic juice is secreted by the pancreas.
  • It contains enzymes like amylase, trypsin, pancreatic lipase, nucleases, amylase, and lipase.
  • Secretion of the Pancreatic juice is regulated by the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin.
• Lipase is the digestive enzyme of fat.
• Ptyalin is the digestive enzyme of the Saliva.
• Hydrochloric acid is produced naturally in the human stomach to help the digestion of food.

 

Concept:

Theory of endosymbiosis

• Symbiotic relationship, where one organism lives inside the other, is known as endosymbiosis. 

• The theory proposed that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from engulfed prokaryotes.

• A large anaerobic bacteria engulfed an aerobic prokaryote, which then formed an endosymbiotic relationship with the host, gradually developing into a mitochondrion.

• It is believed that chloroplasts originated from a cyanobacterial endosymbiont.

 

Explanation:

Similarities between Prokaryotic cells, Mitochondria, and Chloroplast:

• Mitochondria and chloroplast are of the same size as prokaryotic cells.

• Mitochondria and prokaryotic cells both have their own circular DNA.

• The ribosome of bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have a 70S type of ribosome.

• Divides by binary fission.

Characters	Prokaryotic cell	Mitochondria	Chloroplast
Extra Circular DNA	present	present	present
Ribosomes	70s	70s	70s
Replication	Binary fission	Binary fission	Binary fission
Size	1 to 10 micrometre	1 to 10 micrometre	1 to 10 micrometre
Appearance on earth	about 1.5 billion years ago	about 1.5 billion years ago	about 1.5 billion years ago
Electron transport system	Found in the plasma membrane of the cell	Found in the plasma membrane of mitochondria	Found in the plasma membrane of Chloroplast

The correct answer is Whale.

Key Points

• Gills are respiratory organs found in most aquatic organisms.
• Gills can extract dissolved oxygen from water and excrete carbon dioxide.
• Gills can be found in Octopus, Squid, Clownfish, Tadpole, Prawn, etc.
• Lungs are the breathing organ of Whales.

Additional InformationRespiratory organs of different Animals:

Animal	Respiratory Organ
Earthworm	Skin.
Whale	Lungs
Spider, Scorpion	Booklungs.
Cockroach	Trachea.
Tadpole, Fish, Prawn	Gills
Frog	Skin, Lungs, Buccal cavity
Amphibians, mammals, and birds	Lungs.

The correct answer is Calyx.

Key Points

• Flowers contain the plant’s reproductive structures.
• A typical flower has four main parts - or whorls - known as the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium.
• The outermost whorl of the flower has green, leafy structures known as sepals.
  • The sepals, collectively called the calyx, help to protect the unopened bud.

Important Points

• The second whorl is comprised of petals - usually, brightly coloured - collectively called the corolla.
• The number of sepals and petals varies depending on whether the plant is a monocot or dicot. 
  • In monocots, petals usually number three or multiples of three; in dicots, the number of petals is four or five, or multiples of four and five.
  • Together, the calyx and corolla are known as the perianth.
• The third whorl contains the male reproductive structures and is known as the androecium.
  • The androecium has stamens with anthers that contain the microsporangia.
• The innermost group of structures in the flower is the gynoecium, or the female reproductive component(s).
• The carpel is the individual unit of the gynoecium and has a stigma, style, and ovary.
  • A flower may have one or multiple carpels.

• Vitamin K is a vitamin found in leafy green vegetables, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts.
• In the body, vitamin K plays a major role in blood clotting. So it is used to reverse the effects of “blood-thinning” medications when too much is given; to prevent clotting problems in newborns who don’t have enough vitamin K, and to treat bleeding caused by medications.

Tricks:

The correct answer is Cellulose.

• Plant cell walls are primarily made of cellulose.

Key Points

• Cellulose is the most abundant macromolecule on Earth.
  • Cellulose fibers are long, linear polymers of hundreds of glucose molecules.
  • These fibres aggregate into bundles of about 40, which are called microfibrils.

Additional Information

• Carbohydrates are the sugars, starches, and fibres found in fruits, grains, vegetables, and milk products.
  • A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms.
• Lipids are molecules that contain hydrocarbons and make up the building blocks of the structure and function of living cells.
  • A lipid is a biomolecule that is soluble in nonpolar solvents.
• A lipoprotein is a biochemical assembly whose primary function is to transport hydrophobic lipid also known as fat molecules in water, as in blood plasma or other extracellular fluids.
  • It consists of a Triglyceride and Cholesterol centre, surrounded by a phospholipid outer shell, with the hydrophilic portions oriented outward towards the surrounding water and lipophilic portions oriented inward toward the lipid centre.

The correct answer is jointed legs.

Arthropoda - 

• The word ‘arthropod’ means ‘jointed legs’.
• Ex: houseflies, spiders, scorpions, prawns, butterflies and crabs.

The Hierarchy of Classification of living organisms - 

• Living organisms are classified into five kingdoms, by Whittaker, i.e. 
  • ​Kingdom Monera,
  • Kingdom Protista,
  • Kingdom Fungi,
  • Kingdom Plantae,
  • Kingdom Animalia.
• Further classification is done by the following scheme: Kingdom, Phylum (for animals) / Division (for plants), Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
• Kingdom Animalia is further classified based on the extent and type of the body design differentiation found, as below:

 

Concept:

• The cell is the basic unit of life. Life arises from pre-existing cells. Cells grow and multiply to form a diversity of life forms, this process of growth and multiplication of cells is called Cell Division.
• Cell division is of three types:

1. Mitosis - Equational division, occurs in somatic (non-sex) cells
2. Meiosis - Reducttional division, occurs in sex cells
3. Amitosis - Direct type of division, occurs in prokaryotes

• Meiosis can be further divided into two stages - Meiosis I and Meiosis II

Explanation:

• Prophase I of Meiosis I has 5 sub-stages
• Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis.
• The Zygotene stage is characterized by the pairing of homologous chromosomes called the ''Synapsis''
• The pairs of homologous chromosomes are called Bivalents.
• There develops a structure between the homologous chromosomes called the synaptonemal complex. It is a tripartite structure i.e. it is made up of 3 thick lines of DNA and protein.

Additional Information 

• Leptotene: During leptotene, the chromatin condenses to form the chromosomes. Chromosomes are the longest and thinnest in this stage.
• Pachytene: This stage is characterized by the occurrence of crossing over. Non-sister chromatids of the homologous chromosomes exchange their genetic parts. 
• Metaphase I: The first metaphase of meiosis characterized by the alignment of paired chromosomes along the center (metaphase plate) of a cell, which ensures that two complete copies of chromosomes are present in the resulting two daughter cells of meiosis I. 

• Cellular Respiration is the process that is used by the cells to make energy to operate.
• Here, oxygen is used in the last step of the process called the Electron transport chain (ETC). That takes place in the mitochondrial membrane.
• During this step, the maximum number of ATP are synthesized and the presence of oxygen makes sure the availability of electron acceptor.

The correct answer is 1, i.e Lysosomes.

Key Points

• Lysosomes are called suicidal bags of the cells, containing hydrolytic enzymes which undergo autolysis and burst open when the cell gets damaged.
• Plastids are double-membrane organelle found in plant cell and contain pigments which help the plant is photosynthesis. They are responsible for the storage and manufacture of food.
• Endoplasmic reticulum usually contains ribosomes which are involved in lipid and protein synthesis.
• Mitochondria is known as the powerhouse of the cell.

Additional Information 

Cell Part	Function
Lysosomes	Lysosomes are small sac-like structures surrounded by a single membrane and containing strong digestive enzymes. The lysosome is also known as a suicide bag of the cell.
Golgi body	Golgi bodies are stacks of flattened membranous stacks. The Golgi Body temporarily stores protein.
Ribosomes	Ribosomes are small particles that are found individually in the cytoplasm.
Mitochondria	The mitochondria are round "tube-like" organelles that are surrounded by a double membrane, with the inner membrane being highly folded. The mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell.

The correct answer is Alec Jeffreys.

• DNA fingerprinting is a technique that shows the genetic makeup of living things.
• Father of DNA fingerprinting in the world is Sir Alec John Jeffreys.
• Father of DNA fingerprinting in India is Dr Lalji Singh.

Additional Information

Some other important names:

Scientists	Study
Carlous Linnaeus	Father of Taxonomy
Francis Galton	Father of Eugenics
Hippocrates	Father of Medicine
Hugo de Vries	Father of Mutation Theory
Leonardo Da Vinci	Father of Palaeontology
William Harvey	Father of blood circulation
Rudolph Virchow	Father of Pathology
Karl Landsteiner	Father of Blood Groups
Gregor Mendel	Father of Modern Genetics
Robert Hooke	Father of Cytology
W. M. Stanley	Father of virology
Edward Jenner	Father of Immunology
Leeuwenhoek	Father of Microbiology
Eugene Odum	Father of Ecology
Louis Pasteur	Father of Bacteriology
Paul Berg	Father of Genetic Engineering
Ivan Pavlov	Father of Conditioned Reflex
Empedocles	Father of Evolutionary Ideas
Marcello Malpighi	Father of Microscopy
Micheli	Father of Mycology
Christopher Hales	Father of Plant Physiology
Charaka	Father of Indian Medicine
Susruta	Father of Indian surgery
Birbal Sahni	Father of Indian Palaeobotany
R. Mishra	Father of Indian Ecology

The correct answer is Chlamydomonas.

• Chlamydomonas is found in stagnant water and on damp soil as well as freshwater, seawater, and even in snow.
• About Chlamydomonas-
  • Class: Chlorophyceae
  • Order: Chlamydomonadales
  • Scientific name: Chlamydomonas
  • Phylum: Chlorophyta
  • Higher classification: Chlamydomonadaceae

Sl no.	Name	Type	Description
1.	Laminaria	Brown Algae	It is also known as Kelp. It is generally found in the deep sea.
2.	Sargassum	Brown Algae	It is a type of seaweed (Macroalgae) which is generally known for its planktonic species.
3.	Chlamydomona	Green Algae	It is found almost everywhere and consists of 325 species.
4.	Fucus	Brown Algae	It is basically a rockweed and it is found in intertidal zones.

 

The correct answer is Collenchyma.

Key Points

• Collenchyma is a specialized simple permanent tissue that provides support and flexibility to plants.
  • This tissue is made up of living cells having uneven thickenings of cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose on the walls.
  • Cells possess chloroplast, then it is involved in manufacturing sugar and starch.
  • Provides tensile strength and flexibility to the plant body.

Explanation:

• Parenchyma- this tissue provides support to plants. It also stores food. So this option is not correct.

• Collenchyma- it allows easy bending of plant parts and provides flexibility. So the option is correct.
• Sclerenchyma- this tissue makes the plant hard and stiff. It is present in the husk of a coconut. So the option is not correct.

Additional Information

• Parenchyma is the most common and abundant tissue in plants which is made up of thin-walled living cells having a distinct nucleus.
  • The main function of parenchyma is to store and assimilate food. Hence, they are referred to as food storage tissues.
  • Serves as a packing tissue to fill the spaces between other tissues and maintain the shape and firmness of the plant.
  • Stores waste products of plants.
• Sclerenchyma is a lignified supportive tissue made up of thick-walled and lignified cells.
  • Provides mechanical strength to the plant.

• The liver is the largest gland in the body.
• The liver mainly secretes 'Bile Juice' which is stored in the Gall bladder.
• Bile Juice and Pancreatic juice are released into the small intestine by a common duct.
• Unused glucose is stored in the liver in the form of glycogen.
• Heparin, Urea, and Bile Juice are produced in the liver.
• The major supply of blood to the liver is by 'portal vein'(75%) & remaining (25%) by Hepatic artery.
• That is why the liver is known to have a 'Dual blood supply'.
   

Animals from class Aves are warm-blooded.

• Aves class represents birds and their characteristic features are feathers, a beak, and the forelimbs are modified into wings.
• They are warm-blooded animals i.e. they will be able to maintain constant body temperature.

Pisces	These are the gill-bearing vertebrates which lack limbs with digits. They are the aquatic craniate animals generally called fishes.
Reptilia	These are the tetrapod vertebrates which may either have four-limbs or they are descended from four-limb ancestors like snakes.
Amphibia	Amphibians can live in aquatic as well as in terrestrial habitats and most of them have two pairs of limbs.

Influenza disease is caused by a Virus.

Diseases	Caused By
Tuberculosis	Bacteria
Influenza	Virus
Fungal Infection	Fungi
Malaria	Protozoan

 

Trick: Virus influence many Diseases

Concept:

About Plant Reproduction:

• Sexual Reproduction is defined as the production of a (New organism) from Two-parents by making use of their (Gametes or Sex cells). Plants also have Male and Female sex organs are carried within the (Flower and the Seeds which are inside a Fruit).
• These plants are called (Angiosperms or Flowering plants) as they reproduce by the Sexual reproduction method. 
• Most of the plants contain Reproductive organs of both (Males and Females) in the flowers.

Parts of a flower and their functions:

• Sepals: Protect the unopened flower
• Petals: Maybe brightly colored to attract insects
• Stamens: The male parts of the flower (each consists of an anther held up on a filament)
• Anthers: Produce male sex cells (pollen grains)
• Carpel: Female reproductive part of the flower which consists of ovules (inside which the egg cells ultimately form), ovary, style, and stigma.
• Stigma: The top of the female part of the flower which collects pollen grains
• Ovary: Produces the female sex cells (contained in the ovules)
• Nectary: Produce a sugary solution called nectar, which attracts insect

Explanation:

The swollen bottom part of flower is Carpel.

• The (Male organ part) of a flower is called the (Stamen) and the (Female organ part) of a flower is called (Carpel). It helps in making the (Male Gametes) of the plant and that is present in Pollen grains.
• These Pollen Grains helps in making (Female Gametes or Egg cells) of the plant and are present in Ovules. The (Male Gametes) fertilize the (Female Gametes).
• The fertilized (Egg cells) grow in Ovules and become Seeds.
• When germinated, these Seeds started growing as (new Plants).