Constitution of India MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Constitution of India - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Neither 1 nor 2.

In News

• The Supreme Court issued notices to the Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Law and Justice, and Chief Election Commissioner on a plea seeking direction to conduct delimitation exercise in four northeastern states.

Key Points

Delimitation:

• Delimitation is the act of redrawing boundaries of Lok Sabha and Assembly seats to represent changes in population.
• It provides equal representation for equal population segments, and a fair division of geographical areas so that no political party has an advantage.
• Delimitation Commission’s orders cannot be questioned before any court.
• It is done on basis of the preceding Census.
• As per Section 8A of the Representation of People's Act (RPA) 1950, the President can order delimitation exercises to be carried out in Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur and Nagaland. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
• Delimitation exercise has not been carried out for the last 51 years in these states. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
• The last delimitation exercise (2002-08), kept out these NES due to apprehensions over the use of the 2001 Census.
• Also, the Presidential Order of 2020, which allowed for conducting delimitation exercises in these 4 states as well, was restricted to Jammu and Kashmir only.

The correct answer is 1 only.

In News

• The code has been amended to allow the national flag to be flown day and night if it has been hoisted in the open or on the house of a member of the public it may be flown day and night. Hence, statement 3 is not correct.
• The earlier provision stated: “Where the flag is displayed in open, it should, as far as possible, be flown from sunrise to sunset, irrespective of weather conditions”. 

Key Points

Flag Code of India, 2002:

• In 2002, the Flag Code of India came into effect which allowed the unrestricted display of the Tricolour as long as the honour and dignity of the flag were being respected.
• The flag code did not replace the pre-existing rules governing the correct display of the flag; it was, however, an effort to bring together all the previous laws, conventions and practices. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
• The rules earlier permitted only flags made by "hand-spun and woven wool or cotton or silk khadi bunting" while the import of machine-made flags was banned in 2019.
• A recent revision to the flag code stated, "The National Flag shall be made of hand spun and hand woven or machine made, cotton, polyester, wool, silk khadi bunting." Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• It states that there will be no restriction on the display of the flag by public and private bodies and educational institutions except to the extent as laid down in the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950 and the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971.
• Among the things which are not allowed are putting up a damaged or dishevelled flag, flying the tricolour from a single masthead simultaneously with other flags, and no other object, including flowers or garlands, or flag should be placed on the same height beside the tricolour or above it.

The correct answer is 1 and 3 only.

In News

• Supreme Court directed its registry to remove details of couples embroiled in bitter marital discord from search engines and the Internet as it causes embarrassment, and social stigma to women and infringes their privacy.

Key Points

Right to be Forgotten:

• Petitioner pleaded the ‘right to be forgotten’ and ‘right of erasure’ as intrinsic to the right of privacy.
• ‘Right to privacy’ was held as a fundamental right by the SC in Puttaswamy Vs. union of India (2017).
• This direction expands the ambit of the Right to privacy and the Right to be forgotten (RTBF).
• RTBF gives the right to individuals to have their private information removed from the internet, websites or any other public platforms under special circumstances. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• The current data protection regime in India, under the Information Technology Act 2000, does not accord legitimacy to the right to be forgotten. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
• But the Data Protection Bill, which is being contemplated seeks to introduce the concept.
• RTBF entails a delicate balance between one’s right to privacy and the right to information in the larger public interest or for the State’s legitimate needs. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
• The RTBF gained importance after the 2014 decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) in the Google Spain case.
• In the Indian context, the Supreme Court in Puttaswamy v. Union of India, 2017 noted that the RTBF was a part of the broader right to privacy.
• The RTBF emerges from the right to privacy under Article 21 and partly from the right to dignity under Article 21.
• It doesn’t mean that one is withdrawing from society. It is an expectation that society will not interfere in the choices made by the person so long as they do not cause harm to others.

The correct answer is 1 only.

In News

• Recently, the Minister of Law and Justice informed the details of funds allocated by NALSA (National Legal Services Authority) to Legal Services Authorities to organise Legal Aid Programmes in India.

Key Points

National Legal Services Authority (NALSA):

• The NALSA was founded in 1995 under the Legal Services Authorities Act of 1987 to monitor and review the effectiveness of legal aid programs and to develop rules and principles for providing legal services under the Act. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• It also distributes funding and grants to state legal services authorities and non-profit organisations to help them execute legal aid systems and initiatives.
• Objectives of Legal Services Authorities:
  • Provide free legal aid and advice.
  • Spread legal awareness.
  • Organise Lok adalats.
  • Promote settlements of disputes through Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Mechanisms. Various kinds of ADR mechanisms are Arbitration,
  • Conciliation, Judicial settlement including settlement through Lok Adalat, or Mediation.
  • Provide compensation to victims of crime.
• NALSA was constituted under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. The Chief Justice of India is the Patron-in-Chief. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
• State Legal Services Authority is headed by the Chief Justice of the State High Court who is its Patron-in-Chief.

The correct answer is 2 only.

In News

• There is no proposal to increase the retirement age of Supreme Court and High Court judges, Union Minister for Law and Justice Kiren Rijiju told Parliament.

Key Points

Retirement age of SC and HC Judges:

• The Constitution (114th Amendment) Bill was introduced in 2010 to increase the retirement age of high court judges to 65. However, it was not taken up for consideration in Parliament and lapsed with the dissolution of the 15th Lok Sabha
• According to Article 124(2) of the Constitution, the age of retirement for Supreme Court judges is 65.
• As per Article 217(1) of the Constitution, High Court judges retire at 62.
• Initially, the retirement age of High Court judges was 60, which was later in 1963 increased to 62 through the 15th constitutional amendment. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
• Article 124(7) of the Constitution bars judges of the Supreme Court from practicing before any forum, while for High Court judges, an amendment was brought in 1956 to allow practice before the Supreme Court and High Courts other than the one they served in.
• In 1974, the 58th report of the Law Commission recommended bringing parity between age of retirement of judges of High Court and Supreme Court.
• In 2002, Justice Venkatachaliah Report – the report of National Commission to review the working of the Constitution – also recommended that the age of retirement should be increased for judges of High Courts and Supreme Court to 65 and 68, respectively. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

The correct answer is Prem Behari Narain Raizada.

Key Points

• Prem Behari Narain Raizada (Saxena) is the man who hand wrote the original Constitution of India.
• Raizada over his desk in the Constitution Hall (now Constitution Club) for six months to handwrite 395 articles, 8 schedules, and a preamble in both English and Hindi.
• He used No.303 pens for English calligraphy and Hindoo dip-pen nib from Birmingham for Hindi calligraphy. 

 

Additional Information

• It all began on August 29, 1947, when the Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee to formulate a Draft Constitution of India.
• After 11 sessions and endless debates and amendments, the Constitution for the newly-independent nation was ready.
• Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru wanted it handwritten in a flowing italic style.
• Prem Behari Narain Raizada (Saxena), a noted calligraphist, was chosen for the task.
• The bespectacled Raizada held a degree from St Stephen’s College (New Delhi) and worked for Govan Brothers (Raymond Eustace Grant Govan, the founder of Govan Brothers, was the first President of the Board of Control for Cricket in India).

Important Points 

• Its weight: 3.75 kilograms.
• Its title: Constitution of India.
• The original copies of the Constitution are kept in special helium-filled cases in the Parliament's library.
• The original manuscript of the Constitution of India that came into force on January 26, 1950.
• 

The correct answer is Provisions regarding disqualification on ground of defection.

Key Points

• The Tenth schedule recently in news regarding the Supreme court's notice to Goa Assembly Speaker on MLA disqualification proceedings.
• The 52nd Amendment Act of 1985 provided for the disqualification of the members of Parliament and the state legislatures on the ground of defection from one political party to another.
• The Tenth schedule added under the 52nd amendment act.

Important Points

Schedule	Subject matter
First	Names of the states and their territorial jurisdiction.  Names of the Union Territories and their extent.
Second	Provisions regarding the emoluments, allowances, privileges of : The President of India  The Governors of States, The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Loksabha  The Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Rajyasabha The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly in the states The Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council in the States  The Judges of the Supreme Court The Judges of the High Courts The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
Third	Forms of oath and affirmations for : The union ministers The candidates for election to the Parliament The members of Parliament The judges of the Supreme Court The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India The state ministers The candidates for election to the state legislature The members of the state legislature The judges of the High Courts
Fourth	Allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha to the states and the union territories
Fifth	Provisions relating to the administration and control of scheduled areas and scheduled tribes.
Sixth	Provisions relating to the administration of tribal areas in the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.
Seventh	Division of powers between the Union and the States in terms of List I (Union List), List II (State List), and List III (Concurrent List). Presently, the Union List contains 100 subjects (originally 97), the state list contains 61 subjects (originally 66) and the concurrent list contains 52 subjects (originally 47).
Eighth	Languages recognized by the Constitution. Originally, it had 14 languages but presently there are 22 languages. They are: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri (Dongri), Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Mathili (Maithili), Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu. Sindhi was added by the 21st Amendment Act of 1967; Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali were added by the 71 st Amendment Act of 1992; and Bodo, Dongri, Maithili, and Santhali were added by the 92nd Amendment Act of 2003.
Ninth	Acts and Regulations (originally 13 but presently 282) 19 of the state legislatures dealing with land reforms and the abolition of the zamindari system and of the. Parliament dealing with other matters. This schedule was added by the 1st Amendment (1951) to protect the laws included in it from judicial scrutiny on the ground of violation of fundamental rights. However, in 2007, the Supreme Court ruled that the laws included in this schedule after April 24, 1973, are now open to judicial review.
Tenth	Provisions relating to the disqualification of the members of Parliament and State Legislatures on the ground of defection. This schedule was added by the 52nd Amendment Act of 1985, also known as Anti-defection Law.

 

Eleventh	Specifies the powers, authority, and responsibilities ofPanchayats. It has 29 matters. This schedule was added by the 73rd Amendment Act of 1992.
Twelfth	Specifies the powers, authority, and responsibilities of Municipalities. It has 18 matters. This schedule was added by the 74th Amendment Act of 1992.

The correct answer is Prem Behari Narain Raizada. 

Key Points

• The Constitution of India is a written set of rules that governs any state.
• The Constitution was partialy enacted on 26th November 1949 and  completely it came into force on 26 January 1950.
• The Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly which comprised of the indirectly elected members along with the nominated members.
• The Original Constitution in the English language was written by Prem Bihari Narain Raizada
• The Consitution in Hindi was written by another calligrapher Vasant Krishna Vaidya.
• Raizada was born in a family of calligraphers in the year 1901 and he died in the year 1966.
• Raizada did not charge a single penny for writing the Constitution instead, he wrote his name along with his grandfather's name at the bottom of every page of the Constitution.

Additional Information

About the Constitution of India:

• The Constitution at the time of its inception consisted of 395 articles, 22 parts, and 8 Schedules.
• At present, this document consists of about 470 articles, 25 parts and 12 schedules.
• There have been 105 amendments in the Constitution of India up to October 2021.
• The first amendment was done in 1951.
  After that, the Constitution has been amended 104 times.
• This is the beauty of the Indian Constitution.
• The Constituent Assembly took almost 2years, 11 months, and 18 days to complete the task of drafting this historic document.
• There were a total of 11 sessions of the Constituent Assembly during this period.

Some Recent Amendments made in the Constitution are as follows:

Amendment number and year	The subject of the Amendment
99th Amendment (2014)	Provision of National Judicial Appointment Commission
100th Amendment (2015)	Land Boundary Agreement between India and Bangladesh
101st Amendment (2017)	Introduction of the Goods and Service (GST) Act in the country
102nd Amendment (2018)	Constitutional status to National Commission for Backward Classes.
103rd Amendment (2019)	Provision of 10% Reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS)
104th Amendment (2020)	Extension of the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and States Assemblies.

The correct answer is Canada.

Important Points

• The Federal System of India is governed in terms of the Constitution of India.
• The country of India is also referred to as the Sovereign, Secular, Democratic Republic and has a Parliamentary form of government.
• The nation is basically working according to the Indian Constitution, which was adopted on the 26th of November 1949.
• The federal nature of the Indian constitution was adopted from the Constitution of Canada.

Key Points

• The head of the Executive Union is the President of the country In the Federal System of India.
• The real political, as well as social power, resides in the hands of the Prime Minister, who in turn heads the Council of Ministers.
• According to the Federal System of India, the Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers will advise and help the President.
• It is clearly stated in Article 74 (1) of the Indian Constitution, 
  • The Council of Members is answerable to the Lok Sabha or the House of People, as per the Federal System prevailing in India.
  • The Indian Constitution is subject to change, however, this change can only occur after the bill is passed with a majority of votes in the Parliament House.
  • Legislative powers are shared between the State Legislatures and the Parliament, while the rest of the powers are in the hands of the Parliament of India.
  • The Federal System in India conveys that the President, the Prime Minister, the Council of Ministers, and the Vice-President, together form the Union Executive

The correct answer is Both Hindi and English.

• The original copies of the Indian Constitution, written in Hindi and English.

​Key Points

• The original Constitution of India was handwritten by Prem Behari Narain Raizada in a flowing italic style with beautiful calligraphy.
• Each page was beautified and decorated by artists from Shantiniketan.
• The original constitution had two copies each written in Hindi and English, are kept in special helium-filled cases in the Library of the Parliament of India.
• With 25 parts containing 448 articles and 12 schedules, the Indian Constitution is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world.

​Additional Information                 

• Important facts related to the Indian Constitution
  • The Constituent Assembly, which first met on December 9, 1946, took precisely 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days to come up with the final draft.
  • When the draft was prepared and put for debate and discussion, over 2000 amendments were made, before it was finalized.
  • The drafting of the Constitution was finally complete on 26th November 1949.
  • But, it was legally enforced only after two months on 26th January 1950.
  • Which came to be known as Republic Day.
• Our Constitution makers took inspiration from various other Constitutions while drafting the one for our country, which is why the Indian Constitution is often called a bag of borrowings.
  • The concept of Five Year Plans (FYP) was taken from the USSR.
  • The Directive Principles (socio-economic rights) were taken from Ireland.
  • The ideals of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity in our Preamble have been taken from the French Revolution, which is also the French motto.
  • The Preamble to our Constitution was inspired by the Preamble to the Constitution of the United States of America, which also starts with "We the people".
  • Fundamental rights adopted by American Constitution.
• In the beginning, the Right to Property was also one of the fundamental rights.
  • Article 31 of our constitution said that "No person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law.
  • However, the 44^th Amendment, in 1978, deleted it.

The correct answer is ​Land and buildings.

• The Constitution of India provides for a division of powers between the Union (Centre) and states.
• It divides all the subjects into 3 lists – Union List, State List, and Concurrent List.
• The Union List describe the subjects under the control Centre Government, the State List describes the subjects under the jurisdiction of states being the Concurrent List describes the subjects which are under the joint jurisdiction of the Centre of States.
• Subjects of Three Lists:
  • The Union List Subjects (97 Subjects).
  • State List (66 Subjects).
  • Concurrent List (47 Subjects).
• The subjects which do not fall in these lists that is residuary subjects have been given to the Centre.

Key Points 

• State List enumerates the subjects on which each State Legislature can legislate and such laws operate within the territory of each state.
• The main subjects of the State List are:
  • Public order, police, state court fees, prisons, local government, public health and sanitation, hospitals and dispensaries, pilgrimages within India, intoxicating liquors, relief of disabled and unemployable, libraries, communications, agriculture, animal husbandry, water supply, irrigation and canals, fisheries, road passenger tax and goods tax, taxes on land and building, capitation tax and others.

The correct answer is 47.

• Lok Sabha considered as the lower house.
• It has seats reserved for Scheduled Castes and Tribes.
• The number of seats reserved for Scheduled Tribes is 41.
• The number of seats reserved for scheduled tribes was increased from 41 to 47 in the 15th Lok Sabha elections.
• The maximum strength of the House envisaged by the Constitution is 552, 
• By-election of up to 530 members to represent the States, up to 20 members to represent the Union Territories and two members of the Anglo-Indian Community to be nominated by the Hon'ble Presiden

Additional Information

• 131 seats out of the 543 Lok Sabha seats are reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
• This is approximately 24% of all the seats.
• 84 seats are reserved for Scheduled Castes, and 47 seats are reserved for Scheduled Tribes.
• These numbers are changed by the Delimitation Commission of India based on changes in the population. 

The correct answer is By indirect elections by the members of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies established in 1935.

• The members of this assembly were elected indirectly, that is by the members of the provincial assemblies by the method of a single transferable vote of proportional representation.

Additional Information 

• Important facts about the Constituent Assembly
  • In 1934, M N Roy first proposed the idea of a constituent assembly.
  • The demand was taken up by the Congress Party in 1935 as an official demand.
  • The British accepted this in the August Offer of 1940.
  • Under the Cabinet Mission plan of 1946, elections were held for the formation of the constituent assembly.
  • The members of this assembly were elected indirectly, that is by the members of the provincial assemblies by the method of a single transferable vote of proportional representation
  • The constituent assembly was formed for the purpose of writing a constitution for independent India
  • Initially, the number of members was 389.
  • After partition, some of the members went to Pakistan and the number came down to 299.
  • Out of this, 229 were from the British provinces and 70 were nominated from the princely states.
  • Dr Sachchidananda Sinha was the first temporary chairman of the Constituent Assembly.
  • Later, Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected as the President and its Vice President was Harendra Coomar Mookerjee.
  • BN Rau was the constitutional advisor.
  • The assembly first met on 9 December 1946.
  • On 13 December 1946, Jawaharlal Nehru moved the ‘Objective Resolution’.
  • The National Flag of the Union was adopted on 22 July 1947.
  • The final document had 22 parts, 395 articles and 8 schedules.
  • The assembly had met for 11 sessions.
  • The last session was held during 14 – 26 November 1949.
  • The constitution was passed and adopted by the assembly on 26 November 1949.
  • On 24 January 1950, ‘Jana Gana Mana’ was adopted as the national anthem.
  • The constitution came into force on 26 January 1950 (which is celebrated as Republic Day).

Key Points

Constitution of India: 

• The Constitution of India came into force on January 26, 1950.
• The constitution is the foundational law of any country.
• It took 2 years 11 months and 18 days to create the constitution of India.
• The process was initiated on 9th December 1946 and came to an end on 26th November 1949.
• 11 sessions covering 165 days were held in this duration.
• Some provisions of the constitution came into force on 26th November 1949 while a major part came into force on 26th January 1950.

​Thus, on 26 January 1950, the constitution of India was implemented.

● The act amended the first schedule of the Constitution in order to exchange the disputed territories occupied by both the nations in accordance with the 1974 bilateral LBA.

The correct answer is France.

Key Points

• The ideas of introducing Liberty and Fraternity in the Constitution of India were inspired by France. The French Revolution which started in 1789 gave the world the ideas of Liberty, Equality, and fraternity.
• The people of France were oppressed by the cruel king, heavy taxes and slavery so they started the revolution on 5 May 1789 which ended on 9 Nov 1799.
• Ideas of equality and democracy spread from France to other European countries and feudalism was abolished during the revolution. 
• At the time of the French Revolution, "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" was one of the many mottos in use. these three ideals have become social movements throughout history.

Additional Information

• LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship.
• EQUALITY of status and of opportunity and to promote among them all.
• FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation.

The correct answer is ​1951.

• The First Amendment Bill of the Indian Constitution was passed in the year 1951.

Key Points

• By this Amendment Act, Articles 15, 19, 85, 87, 174, 176, 314, 342, 374, and 376 were amended and two new Articles 31-A and 31-B and the 9th Schedule were added to the Constitution.
• The Constitution (First Amendment) Act, which was enacted in the year 1951, has made many changes to the elemental Rights provides by the constitution of India.
• It provided law against abuse of validation of zamindari abolition laws, freedom of speech and expression, and clarified that the proper to equality doesn't stop the enactment of laws which provide "special reservation" for weaker sections of society.

Additional Information

• The process of amendment is mentioned in Article 368 of the Constitution. 
• Three methods of the amendment have been adopted in it -
  • Amendment by ordinary law, 
  • An amendment by a special majority of Parliament, and
  • Special majority of Parliament and approval of State Legislatures.
• The Ninth Schedule was included under the First Constitution Amendment (1951).

The correct answer is Article 243.

• Article 243 -  of PART -IX of Indian constitution introduces Panchayati Raj, which was given constitutional status through the 73rd Amendment Act, 1992 and added it to 11th Schedule.

Key Points

• The 3 tier Panchayati Raj system of administration was introduced by Balwant Rai Mehta Committee, 1958, dividing into Gram Panchayat at the village level, Panchayat Samiti at Tehsil/Taluka level and Zila Parishad at Block level.
• Mehta report was based on democratic decentralization of administration in India.
• Rajasthan was the first state to implement in India and then Hyderabad. 
• Santhanam Committee, 1963 followed Balwant rai committee.
• In 1977, Ashok Mehta committee a 13 member committee reduced to 2 tier system from 3 tier system of Balwant Rai Mehta report.
• In 1986, LM Singhvi Committee formed under PM Rajiv Gandhi JD(U) recommended constitutional status to Panchayats.
• On April 24, 1993, Panchayati Raj was given a constitutional status through the 73rd Amendment Act, 1993 and added to 11the Schedule of Indian constitution.
• Therefore, April 24 is celebrated as Panchayat Divas Day every year.

The correct answer is the Indian Independence Act.

Key Points

• Indian Independence Act of 1947 has given the status of the constitutional head to the Governor-General and the Governors of the territories.
• The Indian Independence Act of 1947 declared India as an independent and sovereign state from August 15, 1947.
• The act provided for the partition of India and the creation of two independent dominions of India and Pakistan with the right to secede from the British Commonwealth.
• The Act abolished the office of Viceroy provided for each dominion a governor-general.
• It granted freedom to Indian princely states either to join India or Pakistan or remain independent.
• It also designated the Governor-General of Inda and the provincial governors as constitutional(nominal) heads of the states.

​Additional Information

• Government of India Act 1935 was one of the efforts of the British Government to provide a Constitutional Framework for British India.
• Directive Principles of State Policy: These principles are present in part IV article 36-51of the constitution of India and provide guidelines for socialistic and welfare policies to the government.
• Constituent Assembly: A body of around 389 members formed in November 1946 to formulate the Constitution of India.

The correct answer is Linguistic and cultural uniformity.

The States were reorganized mainly on the basis of Linguistic and cultural uniformity in the year 1956.

Key Points

• After independence, 571 princely states were reorganized and merged together to form 27 states.
• The State Reorganization Commission formed in 1953 gave its report in 1955 to reorganize states into 16 states and 3 union territories.
• The Government divided the country into 14 states and 6 union territories under the State Reorganization Act that was passed in November 1956.
• The State Reorganization Commission recommended that it is neither possible nor desirable to reorganize States on the basis of the single test of either language or culture, but that a balanced approach to the whole problem is necessary for the interest of our national unity.
• When the states were reorganized one could say the basis of reorganization could be linguistic, ethnic, or administrative purposes. 
• Reorganizing states on the basis of language would not only help in ease of administration but also the development of vernacular languages which was ignored by the British.

Important Points

• Andhra Pradesh was the first state of Independent India formed on a linguistic basis.
• It was formed on October 1, 1953. This state was formed for Telugu speaking people after prolonged agitations. 

The correct answer is 42nd Amendment.

• The 42nd amendment act introduced in 1976 is considered to be one of the most important amendments to the Indian Constitution.

Key Points

• It came into existence by Indian National Congress which was headed by Indira Gandhi.
• There were many amendments done in this act during this time into the constitution so it is also called the Mini constitution.
• it made changes to the Preamble, to the seventh schedule of the constitution and 53 articles were changed in the constitution.

Additional Information

• 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976:
  • Provided that the laws made for the implementation of Directive Principles cannot be declared invalid by the courts on the ground of violation of some Fundamental Rights. Hence option 2) is Correct.
• History of cases:
  • Champakam Dorairajan case (1951):
    • Supreme Court ruled that in case of any conflict between the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles, the former would prevail. It declared that the Directive Principles have to conform to and run as subsidiary to the Fundamental Rights.
  • Golaknath case (1967):
    • Court held that the Fundamental Rights cannot be amended for the implementation of the Directive Principles.
  • Kesavananda Bharati case (1973):
    • Overruled the Judgement of Golaknath Case.
  • 42nd Amendment Act (1973):
    • Accorded the position of legal primacy and supremacy to the Directive Principles over the Fundamental Rights conferred by Articles 14, 19, and 31.
  • Minerva Mills case (1980):
    • The Supreme Court also held that ‘the Indian Constitution is founded on the bedrock of the balance between the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles.
    • They together constitute the core of the commitment to social revolution.
    • They are like two wheels of a chariot, one no less than the other.

Important Points

• It added the words ‘ SOCIALIST’, ‘ SECULAR’ and ‘INTEGRITY’ in the Preamble.
• Fundamental Duties were also added.
• Directive Principles were given weightage over Fundamental Rights and any law made will be out of the scope of judicial review by the court.
• It made the power of Parliament foremost.

The Correct Answer is "12th".

Important Points

• The Five-Year Plans were laid to rest by the Narendra Modi-led NDA government in 2015.
• It is considered to be the last five-year plan of India.
• The decades-old Five-Year Plans was replaced by a three-year action plan, which will be part of a seven-year strategy paper and a 15-year vision document
• Planning Commission has been replaced by the Niti Aayog.
•  Modi Cabinet has launched three-year action plans from April 1, 2017, onwards.

Key Points

• On 9 July 1951, India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru presented the First Five-Year Plan to the Parliament.
• Five-Year Plans were a formal model of planning adopted by the Indian government after Independence, for effective and balanced utilization of resources.
• They were formulated by the Planning Commission of India, which was established on 15 March 1950.
• Since it was not a constitutional body, the Commission reported directly to the Prime Minister and its first Chairman was Nehru himself.
• The Commission was tasked with the responsibility of raising the standard of living in the country through proper allocation of resources, increasing production, and enabling employment opportunities for everybody.
• The Five-Year Plans were centralized and integrated national economic programs.
• The first such plan was implemented in the Soviet Union in 1928 by Joseph Stalin.
• Since then, countries such as China, Bhutan, Vietnam, South Korea, Argentina, Romania, and Ethiopia have also implemented Five-Year Plans.
• India had a total of 12 Five-Year Plans, the last one being from 2012-2017.
• In 2015, Prime Minister Narendra Modi dissolved the Planning Commission and replaced it with the Niti Aayog.
• The Five-Year Plans were also discontinued.

The correct answer is Samata vs. State of Andhra Pradesh.

Key Points

• Samata an NGO of southern India for tribal rights filed a special leave petition in the Supreme Court of India and the Supreme Court pronounced the judgment in 1997.
• In Samata vs. State of Andhra Pradesh(1997), the Supreme Court held that the
  • Land of tribals and forest land cannot be leased to non-tribals or private companies for mining or industrial world such works can only be done by tribals or government undertaking.

Additional Information 

• This was one of the important judgment which upheld the tribal land rights according to the fifth schedule of the Constitution of India.
• Special Leave Petition: These petitions are filed in the Supreme Court of India according to Article 136 of the Constitution of India and it is the discretion of the Supreme Court to decide the admissibility of the petition.
• Fifth Schedule: The fifth schedule of the constitution contains provisions related to the administration of the scheduled area which contains a sizable tribal population.
• The states under the fifth schedule are Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Chattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharastra Odisha and Rajasthan.

Key Points

French Revolution:

• Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity are the mottos of the French Republic and were some of the most important ideas of the enlightenment.
• The ideals of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity enshrined in the Constitution of India are borrowed from the constitution of France.
• Liberty: The idea of Liberty refers to the freedom of the activities of Indian nationals.
• Equality: This envisages that no section of the society enjoys special privileges and individuals are provided with adequate opportunities without any discrimination.
• Fraternity: This refers to a feeling of brotherhood and a sense of belonging with the country among its people.
• Indian Constitution has absorbed many features from other nations' constitutions that suited Indian problems and aspirations.

Thus, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity features were borrowed by the Indian Constitution from the French Revolution.

Additional Information 

Borrowed features of the Indian Constitution

Country	Features
United States of America	Fundamental rights. Preamble. Independence of the judiciary. Judicial review. Impeachment of the president. Post of vice-president.
Soviet Union/USSR (now, Russia)	Fundamental Duties under Article 51-A. Five Year Planning.
Japan	Procedure Established by law.
Britain(UK)	Parliamentary form of government. Rule of Law. Single Citizenship. Writs. Institution of Speaker and his role. Bicameralism.
Australia	Freedom of trade and commerce within the country and between the states. Concurrent list. Joint-sitting of the two Houses of Parliament.

The correct answer is Speaker of the Lok Sabha.

• Speaker of the Lok Sabha is the ex-officio President of the Indian Parliamentary Group (IPG).

Additional Information

• Indian Parliamentary Group
  • It is an autonomous body whose membership is open to all current or former members of the Indian Parliament.
  • It was established in 1949 after a resolution adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 16 August 1948.
  • The objective of the group is to promote personal contacts between Members of Parliament and to disseminate information to Members of Parliament by organizing seminars etc. on possible issues before the Parliament.
  • It arranges lectures on political, defence, economic, social and educational problems and also arranges foreign visits with a view to develop contacts with the members of other parliaments.
  • The group acts as a link between the Parliament of India and the various Parliaments of the world by exchange of delegations, goodwill missions, correspondence, documents etc. with foreign parliaments.
  • It also serves as
    • (a) the national grouping of the Inter-Parliamentary Union and
    • (b) the main branch of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association in India.