Geography MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Geography - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Zeugen.

Key Points

• Zeugen landform is produced by wind erosion. 
• Zeugen:
  • It is table shaped landform.
  • Mostly seen in arid and semi-arid regions.
  • The softer part of the rock is eroded by wind and the harder part remains as it is.

Additional Information

•  Cirque:
  • Cirques are formed by glacier erosion.
  • Cirques are amphitheater-shaped valleys with precipitous walls.

• Stacks:
  • Stacks are formed by coastal wind and water waves.
  • Generally seen in coastal areas.
  • The formation of Stacks takes a very long time.

Kanchenjunga: 

• This lies on the Sikkim-Nepal border. It is the third highest peak in India after Mt.Everest and K2.
• This range has 14 protected areas for the conservation of wildlife and nature. It lies in the Himalayan Mountain Range.
• It stands tall with an elevation of 8,586 m in a section of the Himalayas called Kanchenjunga Himal delimited in the west by the Tamur River, in the north by the Lhonak Chu and Jongsang La, and in the east by the Teesta River.
• It lies between India and Nepal, with three of the five peaks, namely Main, Central and South, directly on the border, and the peaks West and Kangbachen in Nepal's Taplejung District.
• From the above features it can be seen that Option B is the correct answer

States with international borders:

• Indian States which shares international border with Pakistan (3,323 km):

Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir (4 states share their borders with Pakistan).

• Indian States which shares international border with China (3,488 km): 

Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh (5 states borders with China).

• Indian States which shares international border with Nepal (1,751 km):

Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Sikkim (5 states share its border with Nepal). Hence Statement 1 is incorrect.

• Indian states which shares international border with Bhutan (699 km):

Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh (4 states shares border with Bhutan). Hence Statement 2 is incorrect.

• Indian states which shares international border with Bangladesh (4,096.7 km): 

West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram (5 states shares border with Bangladesh).

• Indian states which shares international border with Myanmar (1,643 km):
• Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram (4 states shares its border with Myanmar). Hence Statement 3 is correct.
• Length of border shared between India and Afghanistan – 106 Km (as per India’s claim; the shared border with Afghanistan lies in Gilgit-Baltistan which is in Pakistan’s control)

Sundarbans National Park

• A part of Sundarbans on Ganges Delta, this national park was established in 1984.
• This UNESCO World Heritage Site is a natural habitat of Royal Bengal Tigers and is famous as the largest mangrove forest in the world.
• Adorned with several roaring rivers, forests, estuaries, this national park is both a biosphere reserve and a tiger reserve.
• Nestling between the India-Bangladesh border, Sundarbans National Park is nature’s jewel on the planet with a fine ecological balance between its flora and fauna.
• From the above points it can be concluded that Option D is the correct answer.

Majuli Islands:

• Mājuli is the largest river island located in the Brahmaputra river in Assam.
• It was formed due to course changes by the river Brahmaputra and its tributaries, mainly the Lohit. Hence Statement 1 is incorrect.
• It was originally a piece of land between the Brahmaputra River (north) and Burhi Dihing river (south). Due to earthquakes in the medieval times, the change of the Brahmaputra river course caused the formation of the Majuli Island.
• Mājuli is a wetland and a rich biodiversity spot and is home to many rare and endangered avifauna species

Image source: Maps of India

Diu Island:

• Located off the south coast of Kathiawar, Diu is an offshore island on the western coast, off the Gulf of Cambay, bordering the Junagadh district. Hence Statement 2 is correct.
• It is separated from the Gujarat Coast by a tidal creek.
• The coast has limestone cliffs, rocky coves, and sandy beaches, the best of which are at Nagoa.
• Diu Island is famous for the historical Diu fort and beautiful beaches.

Image source: Cruisemapper

New Moore Island:

Image source: pmfias

• It is a small uninhabited off-shore sandbar landform in the Bay of Bengal, off the coast of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta region. Hence Statement 3 is correct.
• It emerged in the Bay of Bengal in the aftermath of the Bhola cyclone in 1970. It keeps on emerging and disappearing.
• Although the island was uninhabited and there are no permanent settlements or stations located on it, both India and Bangladesh claimed sovereignty over it because of speculation over the existence of oil and natural gas in the region

The correct answer is Troposphere.

Key Points

• The troposphere is the lowest part of the Earth's atmosphere in which all tropical changes take place. 
• It contains about 75% of the total air in the atmosphere.
• Based on temperature variation, our atmosphere can be classified into the following layers mainly.
• Troposphere: From Earth's surface up to 10km. Here, temperature decreases with increasing height. We, humans, live in the troposphere, and nearly all weather occurs in this lowest layer. Most clouds appear here.
• Stratosphere: From 10km above the surface to 50km above the surface, Here, temperature increases with increasing height due to the presence of the ozone layer.
• Ozone gas is capable of absorbing harmful UV rays and due to the absorption, the temperature increases.
• All the airplanes fly in this zone as due to high temperature there is less turbulence and hence smoother flights are possible. 
• Mesosphere: From 50km above the surface to 85 km above the surface. Here, the temperature again decreases with increasing height. Most meteors burn up in the mesosphere.
• Ionosphere: Beyond 85km there is a thermosphere layer and Ionosphere is a series of regions in parts of the mesosphere and thermosphere.

The correct answer is Erathosthenese.

Key Points

• The term ‘Geography’ was first coined by Eratosthenes.
• It is the combination of two Greek words, Geo (the earth) and Graphos (to write).
• Geography is the study of the Earth’s landscapes, peoples, places and environments.
• Physical Geography is the study of natural things like Volcanoes, earthquakes; rivers, oceans, glaciers; soil, water, air; weather and climate etc.
• Human Geography is the study of people, settlements, transport, industry etc.
  • It examines how humans adapt themselves to the land and to other people, and in macroscopic transformations, they enact on the world.
• Environmental Geography is the combination of Physical and Human geography.

Additional Information

• Herodotus: Herodotus is known as the “Father of History.”  and is well known for his historical accounts.
• Galileo: He was an Italian scientist and scholar whose inventions included the telescope.
  • His discoveries laid the foundation for modern physics and astronomy.
• Aristotle: He was an Ancient Greek philosopher and scientist and his works are in fields of politics, psychology and ethics.

The correct answer is 7516.6 kms.

Key Points

• Coastline of India
  • The peninsular part of India extends towards the Indian Ocean.
  • This has provided the country with a coastline of 6,100km on the mainland.
  • The total length of the coastline of the mainland, Lakshadweep Islands, and Andaman & Nicobar Islands are 7,516.6 km.
  • India's coastline extends to Nine states (Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and West Bengal) and four Union Territories (Puducherry, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu, and Andaman & Nicobar Islands).
  • Gujarat has the largest share (23%) in India's coastline, followed by Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Mesosphere.

Key Points

• The mesosphere is the outermost layer of the atmosphere among these all options.
• Among all layers of the earth's atmosphere Exosphere is the outermost layer.
• The mesosphere is the third layer of the atmosphere, directly above the stratosphere and directly below the thermosphere.
• In the mesosphere, temperature decreases as altitude increases.

Image: 

Important Points

• The Ozone layer is in Stratosphere.
• Planes generally fly in Stratosphere.
• The stratosphere is about 5 kilometres from the ground.

Additional Information

• The asthenosphere is the highly viscous, mechanically weak, and ductile region of the upper mantle of Earth.
• The lithosphere is the rocky outer part of the Earth. 
• The troposphere is the bottom-most layer of the Earth's atmosphere.

The correct answer is the Indus valley desert.

Key Points

• ​The Indus Valley Desert is an almost uninhabited desert ecoregion of northern Pakistan.
• It covers an area of 19,501 sq km in northwestern Punjab Province between the Chenab and Indus rivers.
• It is drier and less hospitable than the northwestern thorn scrub forests that surround it with temperatures ranging from freezing in winter to extremely hot in summer with only 600-800 mm of rainfall per year.
• The desert is home to five large mammals: Indian wolf, striped hyena, caracal, Indian leopard, and the urial along with many rodents and other mammals.

Additional Information

• The Thar desert
  • The Thar Desert is located in India (Rajasthan) and is also known as the Great Indian Desert.
  • The Thar Desert extends between the Aravalli Hills in the northeast and the Rann of Kutch in the west and the alluvial plains of the Indus River in the northwest.
  • It is located partly in the Rajasthan state of India and partly in the Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan.
• Rann of Kutch
  • The Great Rann of Kutch is a salt marsh in the Thar Desert in the Kutch District of Gujarat.
  • It is divided into the Great Rann and Little Rann.
  • The history of the Rann of Kutch began with early neolithic settlements. It was later inhabited by the Indus Valley Civilization as well as the Maurya and Gupta empires of India.
• Spiti valley cold desert
  • Spiti Valley is a cold desert mountain valley located high in the Himalayas in the northeastern part of the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.
  • The name "Spiti" means "The middle land" i.e. the land between Tibet and India.

 correct answer is History.The

Key Points

• Temporal synthesis is defined as the automated construction of a system whereby we develop a temporary specification and then try to prove it.
  • It is done in history as a discipline.
  • It refers to the comparisons made with respect to the passage of time.
  • Here, if a process is temporally extended, it means that it happens over a period of time.
  • If the occurrence of two events differs temporally, then they happened at different points in time.

Additional Information

• Spatial synthesis is attempted by Geography.
  • It includes any of the formal techniques which study entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties.

The correct answer is Cotton.

• Cotton is the most suitable cash crop for black soil.
• The largest producer of cotton in India is Maharashtra followed by Gujarat and Telangana.
• The largest producer of cotton in the world is India followed by China and the United States of America (USA).
• The cash crop is also known as profit crop is an agricultural crop that is grown to sell for profit.
• Some examples of cash crops are tea, coffee, rubber, coconut, and spices.
• Black soil which is found in India is rich in metals such as Aluminium, Magnesium, Lime, Calcium, and Iron.
• It is deficient in Phosphorous, Potassium, Nitrogen, and organic matter.
• The black soil is also called regur and black cotton soils because cotton is the most important crop grown on these soils.
• This soil is mainly found in Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and parts of Karnataka.
• It has the highest water-retaining capacity.
• The texture of the black soil is Clayey.

Image of Cotton:

The correct answer is Glacier.

Key Points

• The moving ice mass downslope under the impact of gravity is called a glacier.
• About 10% of the earth's surface is now covered by the glacier.
• Glacier is formed due to the accumulation of ice above snow-line under extreme cold climate.
• Glaciers begin forming in places where more snow piles up each year than melts. Soon after falling, the snow begins to compress or become denser and tightly packed.
• The process of snow compacting into glacial firn (dense, grainy ice) is called firnification.
• Different parts of a glacier move at different speeds. The flowing ice in the middle of the glacier moves faster than the base.

Additional Information

• Plateau
  • A plateau is a flat-topped tableland.
  • Plateaus occur in every continent and take up a third of the Earth's land.
  • They are one of the four major landforms, along with mountains, plains, and hills.
  • Plateaus, like mountains, may be young or old. The Deccan plateau in India is one of the oldest plateaus.
• Lagoon
  • ​A lagoon is a body of water separated from larger bodies of water by a natural barrier.
  • There are two types of lagoons: Atoll and coastal.
• Block Mountain
  • Block mountains are formed due to the upward movement of the middle block between two normal faults.
  • The upthrown block is also called a horst.
  • Block mountains are generally formed in high plateaux or broad domes.

The correct answer is China.

• The Taklimakan Desert is the desert in southwest Xinjiang in Northwest China.

Additional Information

Image of Taklimakan Desert:

The correct answer is Zeugen.

Key Points

• Zeugen landform is produced by wind erosion. 
• Zeugen:
  • It is table shaped landform.
  • Mostly seen in arid and semi-arid regions.
  • The softer part of the rock is eroded by wind and the harder part remains as it is.

Additional Information

•  Cirque:
  • Cirques are formed by glacier erosion.
  • Cirques are amphitheater-shaped valleys with precipitous walls.
• Stacks:
  • Stacks are formed by coastal wind and water waves.
  • Generally seen in coastal areas.
  • The formation of Stacks takes a very long time.

The correct answer is Eugene Parker.

• Astrophysicist  Eugene Parker first theorized the existence of solar wind in 1958.
•  Eugene Parker became the first living individual after which NASA named a Spacecraft "Parker Solar Probe"

Key Points

About Eugene Parker

•  In the mid-1950s, Eugene Parker proposed a number of concepts about how stars — including our Sun — give off energy.
• He called this cascade of energy the solar wind, and he described an entire complex system of plasmas, magnetic fields and energetic particles that make up this phenomenon.
• Parker also theorized an explanation for the superheated solar corona, which is — contrary to what was expected by then-known physics laws — hotter than the surface of the Sun itself.
• His theory suggested that regular, but small, solar explosions called nanoflares could, in enough abundance, cause this heating.

About Parker Solar Probe mission:-

• Parker Solar Probe is the 1st spacecraft to touch the sun
• It provides key observations on Parker’s groundbreaking theories and ideas
• It gives crucial information about solar physics and the magnetic fields around stars.

About The Sun:

Additional Information About Elon Musk:-

• Cofounded the electronic-payment firm PayPal
• Formed SpaceX, maker of launch satellite vehicles and spacecraft.
• He was also one of the first significant investors in, as well as chief executive officer of, the electric car manufacturer Tesla.

About Carl Sagan:-

• Astronomer Carl Sagan, called "America's most effective salesman of science" by Time magazine
• He spent much of his career translating technical scientific explanations into something easily digestible by the general public.
• As a natural teacher, Sagan educated people not only through classroom lectures but also through interviews and television shows.

About Johannes Kepler:-

• German astronomer who discovered laws of planetary motion
• He provided a new and correct account of how vision occurs;
• He developed a novel explanation for the behaviour of light in the newly invented telescope;
• He discovered several new, semiregular polyhedrons;
• He offered a new theoretical foundation for astrology while at the same time restricting the domain in which its predictions could be considered reliable.

The Earth's Lithosphere is divided into three layers-

• Core
• Mantel 
• Crust

​The crust is the topmost layer and is divided into 7 major plates and several minor plates.

Important Points The Baltic Plate is situated in the geographical location of the political boundaries of Europe:

•  to be specific on Northwestern Eurasia or Europe north of the Trans European Suture Zone and west of the Ural Mountains. 
• The thick core of the plate which constitutes the East European Craton is more than 3 billion years old.​

Therefore, the answer is option 2. Europe.  

Key Points

• The African Plate, straddling the Equator and the Prime Meridian, is a major Plate tectonic. It constitutes much of the African continent and adjoining oceanic crust.   
• The Eurasian Plate includes most of the continent of Eurasia. The exceptions from the landmass are the Indian and Arabian Subcontinent and in East Siberia, the east of Cherskey Range.
• The Australian Plate in the Eastern and Southern Hemisphere consists of the Gondwana via which Australia remained connected to India and Antarctica until approximately 100 million years ago. 

Color is used by cartographers to indicate certain features on maps.

• On a single map, color usage is always constant, and it is frequently consistent across different types of maps created by different cartographers and publishers.
• Many of the colors on maps correspond to an object or feature on the ground.
• Blue, for instance, is usually always the hue of choice for water.

Important Points

 General-use maps are often a jumble of color, with some of the following schemes:

• Blue: lakes, rivers, streams, oceans, reservoirs, highways, and local borders
• Red: major highways, roads, urban areas, airports, special-interest sites, military sites, place names, buildings, and borders
• Yellow: built-up or urban areas
• Green: parks, golf courses, reservations, forest, orchards, and highways
• Brown: deserts, historical sites, national parks, military reservations or bases, and contour (elevation) lines
• Black: roads, railroads, highways, bridges, place names, buildings, and borders
• Purple: highways, and on U.S. Geographical Survey  features added to the map since the original survey

Key Points

Geology - The science by which it is known that how the earth has been formed, what elements are made of its upper and inner parts, what was its initial form and how and for what reasons did its present form develop Is

The knowledge related to the earth is called geology. Geology is that branch of science in which the rocks that make up the solid earth and the processes that lead to the development of the crust, landforms, and rocks are studied. Under this, many earth related disciplines come such as mineralogy, sedimentology, mining engineering and land measurement etc.

• Transport network models comprise of frameworks for the transportation infrastructure, and their development is based on a number of intrinsic contributory factors of which environmental features are a critical part. Transport network models are thus used as frameworks to formulate systems.
• The development of transport networks utilizes several models for understanding the mode of development of the system. Such models can be quite specific regarding the mode of development of the transport networks they study. Some models lay a priority on spatial dimensions, some on modes of transport, while other approaches lay emphasis on a factor, such as analyzing the economic aspects of transport networks in their development. Among Transport Development Models, some notable models are as follows –

• Rimmer in 1977 presented a four phase model for the analysis of interrelated development of transport networks between developed countries and third world nations.  The model traces the impact of colonialism on the development of transport systems in these nations.

• The first phase begins with no links between the two, with more badly made roads, a limited amount of tracks for trains, etc with a socio-economic order with restricted means and ends.

• The early colonial phase is the second phase, and consists of exploration of the regions by colonial powers through sea routes, beginning with seafaring trade and limited settlements on these nations by colonial powers.

• The third phase occurs post colonization, and here the colonial powers engage in laying their basic infrastructure such as roads and railways along with radical changes in the political and economic organization of Third World nations.

  The last phase in this model is the neo-colonial stage, involving diversification and modernization of the transport systems. These transport networks were aimed at resource extraction from colonized nations by the colonial powers.

The correct answer is placer deposits.

Key Points

• Placer deposits, or "placers," are collections of valuable minerals that have been naturally concentrated in overburden, stream sediments, or beach materials.
• The minerals are liberated from solid rock by mechanical and chemical weathering.
• Then they are typically carried to their final resting place by water or wind action.
• Large minerals or minerals with a higher density are deposited when the water's velocity slows.
• Heavy minerals, such as gold, diamond, Ti, Cr, Sn, and magnetite, will be concentrated in locations where water current velocity is low because they will be deposited at a faster rate than low density minerals, such as quartz.
• Placer deposits have a specific gravity above 2.58.

Additional Information

• Polymetallic nodules:
  • Manganese nodules, also known as polymetallic nodules, are mineral concretions on the ocean floor that are made of a central core and concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides.
  • They contain four essential battery metals: cobalt, nickel, copper and manganese, in a single ore. 
• Vein deposits:
  • Veins are mineral deposits that develop when fresh mineral material fills a pre-existing fissure or crack inside a host rock. Aqueous solutions are often circulated to perform mineral deposition.

The correct answer is Duns.

Key Points 

• Duns are longitudinal valleys formed as a result of folding when Eurasian plates and Indian plates collided.
  • Longitudinal valleys are the longitudinal valleys between the lesser Himalayas and Shivalik are known as 'duns' in the west and 'duars' in the east.
  • Dun is a local word for valley, particularly an open valley in the Sivaliks or between the Sivaliks and higher Himalayan foothills.
  • Other valleys in this region have names like Patli Dun, Kotli Dun, Pinjore Dun in Himachal.
  • Unlike typical river valleys, duns have a structural origin and are covered with boulders and gravel originating from the erosion of the Himalayas and the Shiwalik uplands.

Additional Information

• A longitudinal valley is an elongated valley found between two almost parallel mountain chains in geologically young fold mountains, such as the Alps, Carpathians, Andes, or the highlands of Central Asia.
• They are often occupied and shaped by a subsequent stream.
• Duns are longitudinal valleys created when the Eurasian plate and the Indian plate collided as a result of folding.
• Among lesser Himalayas and Shivalik, they are formed.
  • The valleys are accumulated with coarse alluvium passed down by Himalayan rivers.

David Smith : Marxist perspective is NOT matched correctly

Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the Earth as 25,000 miles.

Eratosthenes (276-196 BC):

• He regarded as the Father of geography
• First used the word geography
• Astronomer, poet, and librarian at Alexandria
• First scientific geographer
• Develop a coordinate system for the world
• The founder of ‘Geodesy”
• Set the boundary of five climatic zone
• In his book, he describes the concept of ‘ekumene’- the inhabited earth
• He determined the earth's circumference to be 40,250 to 45,900 kilometres (25,000 to 28,500 miles) by comparing the Sun's relative position at two different locations on the earth's surface.

The answer is Block Mountain.

Key Points

Block Mountains:

• Block Mountains are created when large areas are broken and displaced vertically.
• It is the raised portion between two faults.
• The uplifted blocks are termed as horsts and the lowered blocks are called graben.
• Example:
  • The Satpura Range is a horst mountain and is flanked by Narmada Graben in the north and much smaller but parallel Tapi Graben in the south.

Important Points

Mountains:

• A mountain is any natural elevation of the earth's surface.
• The mountains may have a small summit and a broad base. 
• Mountains may be arranged in a line known as Range. Many mountain systems consist of a series of parallel ranges extending over hundreds of kilometers.
• Example: The Himalayas (Asia), the Alps (Europe), and the Andes (South America) are mountain ranges.

There are three types of mountains:

Fold Mountains:

• ​Fold mountains are created where two or more of Earth's tectonic plates are pushed together.
• At these colliding, compressing boundaries, rocks and debris are warped and folded into rocky outcrops, hills, mountains, and entire mountain ranges.
• Example: The Himalayas.

Volcanic Mountains:

• Volcanic mountains are formed due to volcanic activity.
• Example: Mt.Kilimanjaro in Africa and Mt.Fujiyama in Japan.

Additional Information

Rift Valley: 

A rift valley is a lowland region that forms where Earth’s tectonic plates move apart or rift.

• Example: Narmada Valley.